XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX''"> Structural Optimization
Introducing Iteration to the Development Process
The ability to modify a composite model rapidly and asses results on a realistic basis opens up many opportunities for the optimization of composite structures. This is essential to compete with highly-optimized structures made of conventional materials, and bring the cost of composite structures down to a competitive level.
Example of a Torque Tube with a Cutout
A tube subject to torsional loading and having a large cutout is representative of a number of structures, including the chassis of a single-seater racing car. A layup was defined, using two global layers covering the entire surface, and the rim around the cutout respectively as shown in
Figure 2‑17 and
Figure 2‑18.
Figure 2‑17 Analysis Model of Torsion Tube
Figure 2‑18 Stiffened Collar
Models were built with a uniform layup, and including layer_2 reinforcement around the cutout. Analyses were then conducted for both configurations. As shown in the deformation plot in
Figure 2‑19, the torsional load generates substantial out‑of‑plane deflections around the cutout. Therefore, it is to be expected that reinforcing the cutout edge will have a significant effect on the structural performance of the tube.
Figure 2‑19 Deformed Shape of Analysis Model
The analysis results for both models are summarized in the table below.
Property | Uniform Layup | Reinforced Layup | Difference |
Layup | layer_1 (0/45/-45/90)
layer_1 (90/-45/45/0) | layer_2 (0/45/-45/90)
layer_1 (0/45/-45/90)
layer_1 (90/-45/45/0)
layer_2 (90/-45/45/0) | layer_2 (0/45/-45/90)
layer_2 (90/-45/45/0) |
Mass | 4.826 kg | 5.035 kg | 0.209 kg (+4.3%) |
Rotation | 0.143 | 0.118 | -0.025 (-18%) |
Max. Deflection | 2.817 mm | 1.800 mm | -1.017 mm(-36%) |
Max. Tensile Fiber Stress | 165 MPa | 122 MPa | 43 MPa (-26%) |
Max. Compressive Fiber Stress | 186 MPa | 121 MPa | 65 MPa (-35%) |
This clearly shows that the addition of local reinforcing in highly-loaded areas can have an extremely significant effect on overall structural performance. By allowing the designer to quantify the effects of localized reinforcement, the MSC.Laminate Modeler will enable the development of more efficient structures.
Rapid modify-analyze-interpret cycle allows optimization.
