XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX''"> Material Properties
This section is used to define material properties to QTRAN, including properties which are to be assigned after phase changes have occurred.
Use the procedure shown below to define a material property.
1. Enter all data for the material property from
MPID Number, Function Type, Temperature Scale, Factor and Label, 263. This information specifies the material property identification (MPID) number, defines the function type that will be used to evaluate the material property, the temperature scale conversions necessary (if tabular or power series evaluations are to be performed), a scaling factor, and text line labels that will be used to document the material property in the printout.
2. Enter all
Material Property Data, 268. This section is used to enter x-y table data, coefficient/exponent data for a power series evaluation, data for use in a Sutherland equation, values for constant material properties, or phase change data sets. When all data has been entered, enter a slash (/) in column 1 of the next input data file line and continue on to Step (3).
3. If no more material properties are to be entered, enter a dollar sign ($) in column 1 of the next input data file line and proceed on to
Network Construction, 276. If more material properties are to be defined, return to Step (1) and continue with this procedure until all material property data has been entered for this section.
Note: | This data is normally extracted from the MPIDMKSBIN, MPIDIPSBIN, MPIDFPHBIN or MPIDCGS material property databases via PATQ menu pick 4 or placed in the MATDAT file by the user. |
MPID Number, Function Type, Temperature Scale, Factor and Label
MPID (keyword) | MPID | IEVAL | ITSCAL | NODEZ | [LABEL] |
Example
MPID 1234 T Fahrenheit 2.0D+00
Zinc Oxide Thermal Conductivity
This declares that material property ID number 1234 will be a linear table input in degrees Fahrenheit (only the first character of ITSCAL is significant) and that the material property values in the table will be scaled by a factor of 2.0D+00. The material property label is “Zinc Oxide Thermal Conductivity.”
When the MPID, IEVAL, ITSCAL, FACTOR, and LABEL data have been entered, proceed to
Material Property Data, 268 to finish defining the material property.
Parameter | Description |
MPID | Material Property Identification Number (MPID) that is assigned to each material property. This MPID number will then be used to reference the material property in Network Construction, 276 as part of the thermal resistor and capacitor data. MPID numbers must be greater than 0 when defined in this section. |
IEVAL | Material property evaluation code that denotes whether the material property is to be evaluated as a constant, table, power series, Sutherland equation, Bingham equation, reciprocal relation, straight line, arbitrary order polynomial, phase change data set, or user-supplied subroutine. The allowed evaluations are listed below. Note that only the first character of the IEVAL string is typically significant, so T, Table, and Table_Data are equivalent. There are exceptions. For example the power series evaluation and the phase change data sets. For these two characters must be supplied (i.e., PO for power series or PH for phase change data sets). If the IEVAL character string contains blanks, it must be enclosed in single quotes. The MDATA1 and MDATA2 values are input constants that are specified in Material Property Data, 268. |
| A - The material property is an arbitrary order polynomial of the following form (MDATA2 values are ignored): P(T) = MDATA1(1) + MDATA1(2) * T1 + MDATA1(3) * T2 + ... + MDATA1(N) * T(N-1) B - This property is the viscosity of fresh water at normal pressures, and the viscosity is to be calculated using the Bingham equation (see Ref. 4, p. 665). The units will be N-s/m2 if the calculations are performed in Celsius or Kelvin, and lbm/ft-s if the calculations are performed in Fahrenheit or Rankine. C - The material property is a constant. D - Description. Provides a way to pass text information through material properties to user routines DV - Dependent Variable material properties are used in conjunction with an independent variable material property. Particularly useful if several functions have the same independent variable significant. Not only does one have a savings in space but the evaluation for subsequent dependent values is faster. H - The data forms a tabular function that is to be interpolated using Hermite polynomials or extrapolated using a quadratic polynomial. The Hermite polynomial is a cubic, and is used only for interpolation. The Hermite polynomials insure that the function and the slope are continuous from interval to interval within the data table. Quadratic interpolation is used on the first and last interval of the table. At least three data pairs must be defined to use this option. See MDATA1/MDATA2 in Material Property Data, 268. ID - Independent variable provide the independent variable so that interpolation factors can be defined for a series of dependent variable routines that reference it. Two interpolation options are available, one is a linear table and the other is a logarithmic table. The data and operation of the table is the same as the indexed linear table. IH - The data forms an indexed tabular function that is to be interpolated using Hermite polynomials or extrapolated using a quadratic polynomial. The difference between the index hermite and the hermite interpolation is that the index hermite begins its search for valid table position based on the last exit from the table. This can yield significant time improvements. |
| L - The data forms a tabular function that is to be linearly interpolated or extrapolated. The temperature intervals of the table are equally spaced. The table is interpolated or extrapolated based on a Linear Computed Interval (LCI) algorithm. This is the fastest of QTRAN's table interpolation algorithms. A minimum of two property values must be defined to use this option. See MDATA1 in Material Property Data, 268. |
| M - The data is used to form a straight line of the following form: P(T) = MDATA1(1) * T + MDATA2(1) Optical Thermal - Radiation variables that can be translated for interfacing to external radiation codes. Used by the STEP TAS interface. PE - The data forms are indexed tabular functions which is linear interpolated. the independent variable is normalized by the period which is the difference between the maximum and minimum values specified for the independent variable. PH - The data will be evaluated as a phase change data set, with each MDATA1/MDATA2 data pair corresponding to a phase transition temperature (MDATA1), and a latent heat (MDATA2). PO - The data will be evaluated as a power series of the form: P(T) = MDATA1(1) * TMDATA2(1) + ... + MDATA1(N) * TMDATA2(N) |
| R - The data will be evaluated as a reciprocal function, i.e.: S - The data will be evaluated as a Sutherland equation. Sutherland equations are commonly used for liquid and gas material properties such as viscosities and thermal conductivities. A Sutherland equation is defined as follows: where: P[T] = property value at temperature T; P[o] = property value at reference temperature T[o]; and S = Sutherland constant for the particular material. For more information about Sutherland equations, see Ref. 4. in Appendix A, and also later in this section. T - Data forms a tabular function that is to be linearly interpolated or extrapolated. A minimum of two data pairs must be defined to use this option. See MDATA1/MDATA2 in Material Property Data, 268. IT - Data forms an indexed tabular function that is to be linearly interpolated or extrapolated. This is identical to the tabular function except the table is entered at the position that it was previously exited. |
| U - Data given for MDATA1(1) will be used to specify a specific user-supplied subroutine option. When a U is specified for IEVAL, QTRAN will call user-supplied subroutine UPROP to get a property value. The value given for MDATA1(1) may be used to select a specific suboption (e.g., a whole family of user-supplied algorithms may exist in subroutine UPROP and MDATA1(1) may be used as an algorithm option identifier). Notice: The scale factor for this evaluation option is read but not used. |
ITSCAL | Temperature scale for which the tabular input data is valid (all other conversion routines ignore ITSCAL). QTRAN will automatically convert data tables from other temperature scales into the temperature scale defined for calculations (see ICCALC, (p. 230)). For example, if calculations are being performed in Kelvin (i.e., ICCALC = K in Temperature Scale and Time Units Definition, 230 but the material property data available is in Celsius, QTRAN will convert this table to Kelvin before use if ITSCAL is entered as C. Note that only the first character of the ITSCAL character string is significant, so “F” and “Fahrenheit” are equivalent. |
| Table data may be converted to or from any of the following temperature scales: F--Fahrenheit C--Celsius K--Kelvin R--Rankine T--Time |
| If T (for time) is given for ITSCAL, no table conversions will occur. The “material property” is then evaluated as a time dependent function, regardless of the IEVAL option selected. |
FACTOR | A scaling factor that is used to easily scale a material property’s values. The value entered for FACTOR is used to multiply the property data. If a number whose absolute value is less than 1.E-18 is entered for FACTOR, FACTOR will be assigned a value of 1.0. In addition to scaling for parameterization runs, FACTOR may also be used to change units systems conveniently. Notice: FACTOR applies to all material property evaluation options EXCEPT the BINGHAM fresh water viscosity equation and the user-supplied subroutine option. For these options, FACTOR is read but is not used. |
LABEL | One or more 80-character identification labels that will be read by the program and printed with the echoed input data. These labels identify material properties for your convenience, but the labels are not used by QTRAN. These labels allow short messages to be printed (e.g., NITROGEN VISCOSITY) with the material property data to facilitate documentation. As many lines of label data as desired may be entered (anything between the MPID line and the terminating / character that does not start with the keyword MDATA will be treated as a label). |
Material Property Data
MDATA (keyword) | MDATA1 | MDATA2 |
MDATA1 and MDATA2 are material property data pairs and are entered for the various evaluation algorithms.
Example
MDATA 2.0 5.0
This defines an MDATA1 value of 2.0 and an MDATA2 value of 5.0. Depending upon the evaluation option selected (IEVAL parameter), the 2.0 and 5.0 may be used in various ways. See below for more specific information.
ARBITRARY-ORDER POLYNOMIAL
Enter the polynomial coefficients into the MDATA1 array. MDATA2 data will be ignored. The MDATA1 data will be used in the following fashion for the polynomial:
P(T) = MDATA1(1) + MDATA1(2) * T + MDATA1(3) *
T2 + ... + MDATA1(N) * T(N-1)
Example
MPID 17 Arbitrary-Polynomial Celsius 1.0
Example Arbitrary Order Polynomial Definition
MDATA 1.0
MDATA 1.3
MDATA -0.3
/
This example defines the polynomial
P(T) = 1.0 + 1.3 * T - 0.3 * T2
for MPID 17 with a scale factor of 1.0. It declares that the polynomial is valid in degrees Celsius. The value of T used will be in degrees Celsius.
BINGHAM
Do not enter any parameters for a Bingham equation evaluation. The correct Bingham equation parameters are already stored in QTRAN.
Example
MPID 23 Bingham Kelvin 1.0
Bingham Fresh Water Viscosity Equation
/
This example defines MPID 23 to be the Bingham freshwater viscosity equation.
CONSTANT
Enter the constant’s value as MDATA1(1).
Example
MPID 47 Constant Kelvin 1.0
Constant Material Property Definition
MDATA 1.2345
/
This material property definition defines MPID 47 to be a constant with a value of 1.2345. The scale factor is 1.0, and the temperature scale definition of Kelvin is ignored.
H AND T TABLE INTERPOLATION OPTIONS
Data for the H and T data evaluation options are entered as ordered pairs from the lowest temperature values to the highest temperature values as follows:
MDATA1(1...N) = Temperature values
MDATA2(1...N) = Corresponding property values
Example
MPID 3 Table Fahrenheit 1.0
Example Linear Table Property Definition
MDATA 0.0 27.0
MDATA 100.0 29.4
MDATA 173.0 55.2
MDATA 2000.0 87.3
/
This material property definition has temperatures of 0.0, 100.0, 173.0, and 2000.0 Fahrenheit and property values of 27.0, 29.4, 55.2, and 87.3. It declares that it is a linear irregular interval table property with a scale factor of 1.0 and an MPID number of 3.
codeindent10
MPID 4 Hermite Fahrenheit 23.79E-03
Example Linear Table Property Definition
MDATA 0.0 27.0
MDATA 100.0 29.4
MDATA 173.0 55.2
/
This material property definition has temperatures of 0.0, 100.0, and 173.0 Fahrenheit and property values of 27.0, 29.4, and 55.2. It declares that it is a Hermite Polynomial irregular interval table property with a scale factor of 23.79E-03 and an MPID number of 4.
Note: | At least two data pairs must be entered for the T option, and at least three data pairs for the H option. |
IH AND IT TABLE INTERPOLATION OPTIONS
These options are identical to the H and T option defined previously except the tables are entered at the location (index) that they were previously exited. Data for the IH and IT data evaluation options are entered as ordered pairs from the lowest temperature values to the highest temperature values as follows:
MDATA1(1...N) = Temperature values
MDATA2(1...N) = Corresponding property values
Example
MPID 3 ITable Fahrenheit 1.0
Example Linear Table Property Definition
MDATA 0.0 27.0
MDATA 100.0 29.4
MDATA 173.0 55.2
MDATA 2000.0 87.3
/
This material property definition has temperatures of 0.0, 100.0, 173.0, and 2000.0 Fahrenheit and property values of 27.0, 29.4, 55.2, and 87.3. It declares that it is an indexed linear irregular interval table property with a scale factor of 1.0 and an MPID number of 3.
Example
MPID 4 IHermite Fahrenheit 23.79E-03
Example Linear Table Property Definition
MDATA 0.0 27.0
MDATA 100.0 29.4
MDATA 173.0 55.2
MDATA 2000.0 87.3
/
This material property definition has temperatures of 0.0, 100.0, 173.0, and 2000.0 Fahrenheit and property values of 27.0, 29.4, 55.2, and 87.3. It declares that it is an index Hermite Polynomial irregular interval table property with a scale factor of 23.79E-03 and an MPID number of 4.
Note: | At least two data pairs must be entered for the IT option and at least three data pairs for the IH option. |
L (LINEAR COMPUTED INTERVAL TABLE EVALUATION)
Data for the LCI option is entered as shown below. Note that the LCI option is the preferred table interpolation option because it is much faster than any other table interpolation algorithm in QTRAN.
MDATA1(1) | Lowest temperature in the tabulated property data |
MDATA1(2) | Temperature interval assumed between all property entries |
MDATA1(3...N) | The table property values, beginning at the lowest temperature property value and proceeding to the highest temperature property value in the LCI table. At least two property values must be entered |
MDATA2 values are ignored and should be left blank |
Example
MPID 7 LCI K 1.0
Example LCI table property.
MDATA 0.0 ; Base Temperature
MDATA 100.0 ; Temperature Increment
MDATA 23.7 ; Property Value at 0.0 K
MDATA 29.9 ; Property Value at 100.0 K
MDATA 25.3 ; Property Value at 200.0 K
MDATA 17.2 ; Property Value at 300.0 K
MDATA 0.7 ; Property Value at 400.0 K
MDATA 0.7 ; Property Value at 500.0 K
/
This material property definition declares that MPID 7 is an LCI equal interval linear table with a base temperature of 0.0 K and a temperature increment of 100.0 K. The property values given are 23.7, 29.9, 25.3, 17.2, 0.7, and 0.7 with a scale factor of 1.0.
Please note that according to QTRAN convention, anything to the right of a semicolon (;) is an optional comment and hence is ignored.
STRAIGHT LINE
The straight line will evaluate the MDATA1 and MDATA2 values that you enter exactly as follows:
P(T) = MDATA1(1) * T + MDATA2(1)
Example
MPID 32 M K 1.0
Example Straight Line Material Property
MDATA 0.17 117.9
/
This material property definition declares that MPID 9 is a straight line of the form:
P(T) = 0.17 * T + 117.9
with T valid for degrees Kelvin and with a scale factor of 1.0. The evaluation option (IEVAL) was given as a character string surrounded by single quote marks, 'M (Straight Line)'. Only the first character, M, is significant.
PEriodic Data
This option provides a mean of defining a repeating waveform which is linearly interpolated between data points. The minimum and maximum independent variable values which defines an interval used to normalize the input independent variable value so that interpolation is always between the minimum and maximum value specified.
MDATA1 (1...N) = Independent variable values
MDATA2(1...N) = Corresponding property values
Example
MPID 104621 PEriodic Time 1.4
MDATA 60.0 122.
MDATA 71.0 212.
MDATA 76.5 1400.
MDATA 92.0 220.
/
In the above example, the property will repeat every 32 time units following a linear interpolation. Note by the example discontinuities are allowed between the beginning and ending of a period.
PHASE CHANGE DATA
The phase change data option allows you to input phase transition temperature-latent heat data pairs. Each MDATA1 value is a phase transition temperature, and each MDATA2 value is the corresponding latent heat.
As many MDATA1 / MDATA2 pairs as necessary may be used for the model (there is no coded limit). These pairs must be input in ascending temperature order. For accuracy, it is also necessary that no single node should undergo more than one phase transition per time step.
Examples
MPID 1023 PHase Change Data Kelvin 1.0
Example #1 Phase Change Data Set
MDATA 600.0 1024.9 ; T=600, H=1024.9
/
MPID 1 PH Rankine 1.1
Example #2 Phase Change Data Set
MDATA 763.94 1.97E+06 ; T1=763.94, H1=1.97E+06
MDATA 948.7 2.0E+05 ; T2=948.7, H2=2.00E+0541
/
POWER SERIES
The power series will evaluate the MDATA1 and MDATA2 values that are entered exactly as follows:
P(T) = MDATA1(1) * TMDATA2(1) + ... MDATA1(N) * TMDATA2(N)
Example
MPID 49 Power Series Rankine 1.0
Example Power Series Material Property Definition
MDATA 1.2 -0.4
MDATA 7.3 0.1
MDATA 1.0E+01 2.0
/
This example material property definition declares that MPID 49 is a power series function of the form:
P(T) = 1.2 * T(-0.4) + 7.3 * T0.1 + 1.0E+01 * T2.0
where T is valid for degrees Rankine. A scale factor of 1.0 is declared.
RECIPROCAL FUNCTION
The Reciprocal function will evaluate the MDATA1 and MDATA2 values that are entered exactly as follows:
Example
MPID 10 'Reciprocal Function' Celsius 1.0
Example Reciprocal Function Material Property
MDATA 1.0 273.15
/
This material property definition declares that MPID 10 is a Reciprocal function of the form:
with T valid for degrees Celsius and with a scale factor of 1.0. The evaluation option (IEVAL) was given as a character string surrounded by single quote marks, 'Reciprocal Function'. Only the first character, R, is significant. A common use of this type of material property is to define bulk coefficients of expansion for ideal gases (1/T absolute).
SUTHERLAND
Enter the Sutherland equation data as follows:
MDATA1(1) | | P(0) |
MDATA2(1) | | T(0) |
MDATA1(2) | | S |
where:
Example
MPID 78 Sutherland Kelvin 1.1
Example Sutherland Equation Material Property
MDATA 0.7 8.9 ; P[o] and T[o].
MDATA 23.9 ; S.
/
This example material property definition declares that a Sutherland equation of the form:
where T is valid for degrees Kelvin. Note that anything right of the semicolons in the example is an optional comment and may be omitted.
USER-SUPPLIED SUBROUTINE
The user-supplied subroutine option will use both MDATA1 and MDATA2. The MDATA data pairs will be passed to the user-supplied subroutine and may be used there as an option identifier, or for any other purpose that the user wishes.
Example
MPID 88 U K 1.0
Example User-Supplied Subroutine Material Property
MDATA 2
/
This example declares that MPID 88 will reference a user-supplied subroutine. The MDATA value of 2 may be used by that routine for any purpose needed, including using the MDATA value as an option to determine a particular algorithm for evaluation. The user-supplied routine may in fact contain several evaluation options. See
User-Supplied Subroutines (Ch. 11) for more information.
When all MDATA1-MDATA2 data have been entered (if any) for a material property, enter a slash (/) in column 1 of the input data file. To enter data for another material property, return to
MPID Number, Function Type, Temperature Scale, Factor and Label, 263.
When all of the material properties have been defined, enter a dollar sign ($) in column 1 of the input data file and proceed to
Network Construction, 276.
